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The forebrain is the largest and most highly developed part of the human brain: it consists primarily of the cerebrum ( 2) and the structures hidden beneath it ( see " The Inner Brain"). The uppermost part of the brainstem is the midbrain, which controls some reflex actions and is part of the circuit involved in the control of eye movements and other voluntary movements. When you play the piano or hit a tennis ball you are activating the cerebellum. The cerebellum coordinates movement and is involved in learned rote movements. The hindbrain controls the body’s vital functions such as respiration and heart rate. The hindbrain includes the upper part of the spinal cord, the brain stem, and a wrinkled ball of tissue called the cerebellum ( 1). The brain can be divided into three basic units: the forebrain, the midbrain, and the hindbrain. All the parts of the brain work together, but each part has its own special properties. The brain is like a committee of experts.
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It may help you understand how the healthy brain works, how to keep it healthy, and what happens when the brain is diseased or dysfunctional. This fact sheet is a basic introduction to the human brain. At the forefront of research on the brain and other elements of the nervous system is the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke ( NINDS), which conducts and supports scientific studies in the United States and around the world. As a result, Congress named the 1990s the Decade of the Brain. Scientists have learned more about the brain in the last 10 years than in all previous centuries because of the accelerating pace of research in neurological and behavioral science and the development of new research techniques. Now, however, the brain is beginning to relinquish its secrets. The brain is the crown jewel of the human body.įor centuries, scientists and philosophers have been fascinated by the brain, but until recently they viewed the brain as nearly incomprehensible. Lying in its bony shell and washed by protective fluid, the brain is the source of all the qualities that define our humanity. This three-pound organ is the seat of intelligence, interpreter of the senses, initiator of body movement, and controller of behavior. The brain is the most complex part of the human body. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke